diff --git a/src/basic/virt.c b/src/basic/virt.c
index 1a0156159d..ad4b9aa3ea 100644
--- a/src/basic/virt.c
+++ b/src/basic/virt.c
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 #include "log.h"
 #include "namespace-util.h"
 #include "parse-util.h"
-#include "pidref.h"
 #include "process-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
 #include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
@@ -816,16 +816,19 @@ int running_in_chroot(void) {
         if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT") > 0)
                 return 0;
 
-        r = pidref_from_same_root_fs(&PIDREF_MAKE_FROM_PID(1), NULL);
-        if (r == -ENOSYS) {
-                if (getpid_cached() == 1)
-                        return false; /* We will mount /proc, assuming we're not in a chroot. */
+        r = inode_same("/proc/1/root", "/", /* flags = */ 0);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                r = proc_mounted();
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        if (getpid_cached() == 1)
+                                return false; /* We will mount /proc, assuming we're not in a chroot. */
 
-                log_debug("/proc/ is not mounted, assuming we're in a chroot.");
-                return true;
+                        log_debug("/proc/ is not mounted, assuming we're in a chroot.");
+                        return true;
+                }
+                if (r > 0) /* If we have fake /proc/, we can't do the check properly. */
+                        return -ENOSYS;
         }
-        if (r == -ESRCH) /* We must have a fake /proc/, we can't do the check properly. */
-                return -ENOSYS;
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;