util: when creating temporary file names, allow including extra id string in it

This adds a "char *extra" parameter to tempfn_xxxxxx(), tempfn_random(),
tempfn_ranomd_child(). If non-NULL this string is included in the middle
of the newly created file name. This is useful for being able to
distuingish the kind of temporary file when we see one.

This also adds tests for the three call.

For now, we don't make use of this at all, but port all users over.

src/basic/copy.c

@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ int copy_file_atomic(const char *from, const char *to, mode_t mode, bool replace
         assert(from);
         assert(to);
 
-        r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
+        r = tempfn_random(to, NULL, &t);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;