tree-wide: extend verbs functions with extra per-verb data parameter

We often have a pattern where the same verb function is used for
multiple actions. This leads to an antipattern where we figure out what
action needs to be taken from argv[0] multiple times: often once in
parse_argv() to figure out what options are allowed, then once again
implicitly in dispatch_verb(), and then again in the action verb itself.
Let's allow passing a parameter into the verb to simplify this.

This matches a pattern we have in conf-parser.h, where we have both
void *userdata (more global) and void *data (per-config item). Here,
I opted for uintptr_t userdata. It seems that most of the time we'll
want to just pass an enum value. This works OK with no casts. I also
tried a void* and union. In both cases, much more boilerplate is needed:
either a cast or a macro to help avoid compiler warnings. uintptr_t
seems generic enough to cover foreseeable usecases with no fuss.

This is a noop refactoring. See next commit for an example.

src/cryptsetup/cryptsetup.c

@@ -2586,7 +2586,7 @@ static int discover_key(const char *key_file, const char *volume, TokenType toke
         return r;
 }
 
-static int verb_attach(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+static int verb_attach(int argc, char *argv[], uintptr_t _data, void *userdata) {
         _cleanup_(crypt_freep) struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
         _unused_ _cleanup_(remove_and_erasep) const char *destroy_key_file = NULL;
         crypt_status_info status;
@@ -2826,7 +2826,7 @@ static int verb_attach(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int verb_detach(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+static int verb_detach(int argc, char *argv[], uintptr_t _data, void *userdata) {
         _cleanup_(crypt_freep) struct crypt_device *cd = NULL;
         const char *volume = ASSERT_PTR(argv[1]);
         int r;