test: drop whitespace after shell redirection operators

(The one case that is left unchanged is '< <(subcommand)'.)

This way, the style with no gap was already dominant. This way, the reader
immediately knows that ' < ' is a comparison operator and ' << ' is a shift.

In a few cases, replace custom EOF replacement by just EOF. There is no point
in using someting like "_EOL" unless "EOF" appears in the text.

test/test-functions

@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ EOF
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 test -e /usr/lib/os-release
-echo bar > \${STATE_DIRECTORY}/foo
+echo bar >\${STATE_DIRECTORY}/foo
 cat /usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release.app0
 EOF
         chmod +x "$initdir/opt/script0.sh"
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ EOF
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 test -e /usr/lib/os-release
-echo baz > \${STATE_DIRECTORY}/foo
+echo baz >\${STATE_DIRECTORY}/foo
 cat /usr/lib/extension-release.d/extension-release.app2
 EOF
         chmod +x "$initdir/opt/script1.sh"