fd-util: add new call rearrange_stdio()

Quite often we need to set up a number of fds as stdin/stdout/stderr of
a process we are about to start. Add a generic implementation for a
routine doing that that takes care to do so properly:

1. Can handle the case where stdin/stdout/stderr where previously
   closed, and the fds to set as stdin/stdout/stderr hence likely in the
   0..2 range.  handling this properly is nasty, since we need to first
   move the fds out of this range in order to later move them back in, to
   make things fully robust.

2. Can optionally open /dev/null in case for one or more of the fds, in
   a smart way, sharing the open file if possible between multiple of
   the fds.

3. Guarantees that O_CLOEXEC is not set on the three fds, even if the fds
   already were in the 0..2 range and hence possibly weren't moved.

src/test/test-fd-util.c

@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "macro.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
 #include "random-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -173,6 +175,72 @@ static void test_fd_move_above_stdio(void) {
         assert_se(close_nointr(new_fd) != EBADF);
 }
 
+static void test_rearrange_stdio(void) {
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+
+        r = safe_fork("rearrange", FORK_WAIT|FORK_LOG, &pid);
+        assert_se(r >= 0);
+
+        if (r == 0) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+                char buffer[10];
+
+                /* Child */
+
+                safe_close(STDERR_FILENO); /* Let's close an fd < 2, to make it more interesting */
+
+                assert_se(rearrange_stdio(-1, -1, -1) >= 0);
+
+                assert_se(fd_get_path(STDIN_FILENO, &path) >= 0);
+                assert_se(path_equal(path, "/dev/null"));
+                path = mfree(path);
+
+                assert_se(fd_get_path(STDOUT_FILENO, &path) >= 0);
+                assert_se(path_equal(path, "/dev/null"));
+                path = mfree(path);
+
+                assert_se(fd_get_path(STDOUT_FILENO, &path) >= 0);
+                assert_se(path_equal(path, "/dev/null"));
+                path = mfree(path);
+
+                safe_close(STDIN_FILENO);
+                safe_close(STDOUT_FILENO);
+                safe_close(STDERR_FILENO);
+
+                {
+                        int pair[2];
+                        assert_se(pipe(pair) >= 0);
+                        assert_se(pair[0] == 0);
+                        assert_se(pair[1] == 1);
+                        assert_se(fd_move_above_stdio(0) == 3);
+                }
+                assert_se(open("/dev/full", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC) == 0);
+                assert_se(acquire_data_fd("foobar", 6, 0) == 2);
+
+                assert_se(rearrange_stdio(2, 0, 1) >= 0);
+
+                assert_se(write(1, "x", 1) < 0 && errno == ENOSPC);
+                assert_se(write(2, "z", 1) == 1);
+                assert_se(read(3, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) == 1);
+                assert_se(buffer[0] == 'z');
+                assert_se(read(0, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) == 6);
+                assert_se(memcmp(buffer, "foobar", 6) == 0);
+
+                assert_se(rearrange_stdio(-1, 1, 2) >= 0);
+                assert_se(write(1, "a", 1) < 0 && errno == ENOSPC);
+                assert_se(write(2, "y", 1) == 1);
+                assert_se(read(3, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) == 1);
+                assert_se(buffer[0] == 'y');
+
+                assert_se(fd_get_path(0, &path) >= 0);
+                assert_se(path_equal(path, "/dev/null"));
+                path = mfree(path);
+
+                _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+        }
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         test_close_many();
         test_close_nointr();
@@ -180,6 +248,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         test_open_serialization_fd();
         test_acquire_data_fd();
         test_fd_move_above_stdio();
+        test_rearrange_stdio();
 
         return 0;
 }