Let's limit the number of environment variables when creating a
transient unit via StartTransientUnit as well, since validating the
environment variable names/assignments is expensive.
Follow-up for 49c1e1bcf2.
bind_volume_parse() does not look at peers, so passing the same
PROVIDER:VOLUME twice on the command line silently produces two parsed
entries in arg_bind_volumes. vmspawn_bind_volume_acquire() then builds
two DriveInfo with identical d->id ("<provider>:<volume>"). At boot,
bridge_register_drive() puts d->id into the b->block_devices hashmap;
the second insert returns -EEXIST and the user sees a bare "File exists"
with no context for which volume is responsible.
Reject the collision at the parse site with a linear scan over the
existing array — n_items is small (one entry per --bind-volume on the
command line), and a clear error message naming the offending volume is
much more useful than the late EEXIST from the QMP setup loop.
bind_volume_parse() does not look at peers, so passing the same
PROVIDER:VOLUME twice on the command line silently produces two parsed
entries in arg_bind_volumes. vmspawn_bind_volume_acquire() then builds
two DriveInfo with identical d->id ("<provider>:<volume>"). At boot,
bridge_register_drive() puts d->id into the b->block_devices hashmap;
the second insert returns -EEXIST and the user sees a bare "File
exists" with no context for which volume is responsible.
Reject the collision at the parse site with a linear scan over the
existing array — n_items is small (one entry per --bind-volume on the
command line), and a clear error message naming the offending volume
is much more useful than the late EEXIST from the QMP setup loop.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
The more(1) pager (part of util-linux) now supports secure mode,
which can be enabled with the MORESECURE environment variable.
Adding support for more(1) in secure mode serves as an alternative
for systems that do not have less installed or for users who prefer
it.
Commit d2fce960f9cac740 introduced secure mode in more(1) and the
new feature is available in version 2.42 of util-linux.
PR #41776 introduced the io.systemd.StorageProvider Varlink interface
and
two backends ('block' exposes host block devices, 'fs' exposes regular
files / dirs / subvolumes under /var/lib/storage), plus the
storagectl(1)
CLI to enumerate them. The only consumer so far was mount.storage. This
series wires up the first of the three integrations called out in
TODO.md:
systemd-vmspawn --bind-volume=PROVIDER:VOLUME[:CONFIG][:K=V,...]
Boot-time attach. Drives added this way are immutable at runtime.
io.systemd.MachineInstance.AddStorage / .RemoveStorage
Two new generic methods on the per-machine control socket. vmspawn
implements them (this series); systemd-nspawn will reuse the same
methods later.
machinectl bind-volume MACHINE PROVIDER:VOLUME[:CONFIG][:K=V,...]
machinectl unbind-volume MACHINE PROVIDER:VOLUME
Runtime hotplug front-end: machinectl Acquire()s the fd locally and
pushes it across to the target machine's MachineInstance socket.
Volumes are identified by a user-visible name "<provider>:<volume>"
(e.g.
"block:/dev/sda"). The 3rd 'config' field is opaque to the shared layer
and interpreted per backend — vmspawn maps it to a DiskType from
disk_type_table[] (virtio-blk default, virtio-scsi, nvme, scsi-cd; same
vocabulary as --extra-drive); future nspawn will read it as a mount
path.
- Document the new --bind-volume= option in systemd-vmspawn(1) and
the new bind-volume / unbind-volume verbs in machinectl(1).
- Add an integration test
(TEST-87-AUX-UTILS-VM.bind-volume.sh) covering boot-time attach
via --bind-volume, runtime attach via 'machinectl bind-volume',
runtime detach via 'machinectl unbind-volume', the StorageImmutable
rejection of attempts to detach boot-time volumes, and the
NoSuchStorage rejection of detach on unknown names.
- Strike "hook-up in systemd-vmspawn" from TODO.md; the nspawn and
service-manager hookups remain.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
machinectl bind-volume MACHINE PROVIDER:VOLUME[:CONFIG][:K=V,...]
machinectl unbind-volume MACHINE PROVIDER:VOLUME
For bind-volume, machinectl parses the SPEC with the shared
bind_volume_parse(), Acquires the storage volume from the named
provider on the machinectl side, locates the target machine's
io.systemd.MachineInstance control socket via
machine_get_control_address(), pushes the fd across, and calls
io.systemd.MachineInstance.AddStorage with name='<provider>:<volume>'
and the user-supplied config string.
For unbind-volume, machinectl just forwards the name string to
io.systemd.MachineInstance.RemoveStorage.
Volumes attached at machine startup (e.g. via systemd-vmspawn's
--bind-volume=) are rejected with StorageImmutable when the user
attempts to unbind them at runtime.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
Wire up the runtime hotplug Varlink methods on the per-VM control
socket:
AddStorage → take fd from the link, look up the DiskType from the
'config' field, build a DriveInfo flagged
QMP_DRIVE_REMOVABLE, dispatch to
vmspawn_qmp_add_block_device(). Reply delivered async
by on_add_device_add_complete() once the guest sees
the device.
RemoveStorage → forward the user-visible name to
vmspawn_qmp_remove_block_device(); the existing
device_del / DEVICE_DELETED / blockdev-del chain
replies on the link.
Add SD_VARLINK_SERVER_ALLOW_FD_PASSING_INPUT to the server flags so
clients can push storage fds across via sd_varlink_push_fd().
Maps -EEXIST → StorageExists and -EOPNOTSUPP/-EINVAL →
ConfigNotSupported in the AddStorage handler so callers see the
specific MachineInstance errors.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
systemd-vmspawn --bind-volume=PROVIDER:VOLUME[:CONFIG][:K=V,...]
For each --bind-volume passed at startup, vmspawn calls Acquire() on
the named StorageProvider and attaches the resulting fd to the VM as
an additional drive. The drive is identified by the user-visible name
'<provider>:<volume>' on the bridge — that is also the handle used
later when machinectl unbind-volume detaches drives at runtime
(though boot-time drives like these are NOT removable; that is the
StorageImmutable behaviour added earlier).
The colon grammar is parsed by the shared bind_volume_parse() helper.
The 3rd 'config' field selects the guest device type from the
disk_type_table[] vocabulary (virtio-blk, virtio-scsi, nvme, scsi-cd);
empty defaults to virtio-blk per the TASK grammar.
Wiring lives next to the existing --extra-drive setup: parse_argv()
appends a parsed BindVolume to arg_bind_volumes, and prepare_device_info()
hands the array to vmspawn_bind_volume_prepare_boot() which Acquires
each volume and pushes a DriveInfo onto the existing drives array.
PCIe port assignment (assign_pcie_ports()) and the QMP setup loop pick
them up automatically.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
This is vmspawn's per-backend code for the StorageProvider integration.
Other backends (future systemd-nspawn, future service-manager
BindVolume=) consume the same shared parser and Acquire helper but
each provides its own attach/detach glue; this is vmspawn's.
- disk_type_from_bind_volume_config() turns the opaque BindVolume
'config' field (e.g. "scsi-cd") into a DiskType. Empty defaults to
virtio-blk to match the --bind-volume CLI grammar.
- vmspawn_bind_volume_acquire() takes a parsed BindVolume, calls
storage_acquire_volume() for the fd, and builds a DriveInfo ready
for vmspawn_qmp_setup_drives() (boot) or vmspawn_qmp_add_block_device()
(hotplug). Rejects directory-typed volumes (vmspawn block devices
need a regular file or a host block device).
- vmspawn_bind_volume_attach_fd() is the runtime path: takes a fd
that was already pushed across by an AddStorage caller plus the
name+config it specified, builds the DriveInfo with
QMP_DRIVE_REMOVABLE set and a varlink link, and dispatches to
vmspawn_qmp_add_block_device(). Reply is delivered asynchronously
by the existing on_add_device_add_complete() callback.
- vmspawn_bind_volume_prepare_boot() is a thin loop the boot-time
path uses to populate DriveInfos.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
Drives attached at boot via the existing CLI options (--image,
--extra-drive) must not be detachable at runtime via the upcoming
RemoveStorage Varlink method, while drives added at runtime via
AddStorage must be. Track this distinction with a new QMP_DRIVE_REMOVABLE
property flag — placed alongside QMP_DRIVE_BLOCK_DEVICE, not in the
transient BlockDeviceStateFlags state-machine, since "may be removed"
is a permanent property of the drive.
vmspawn_qmp_remove_block_device() now early-rejects unknown ids with
io.systemd.MachineInstance.NoSuchStorage and immutable drives with
io.systemd.MachineInstance.StorageImmutable.
vmspawn_qmp_add_block_device() loses its 'static' qualifier and gets a
declaration in the header, so the runtime hotplug path
(vmspawn-bind-volume.c, next) can dispatch into it directly.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
Define two new methods on the generic 'MachineInstance' Varlink
interface that systemd-vmspawn (this series) and (future)
systemd-nspawn implement on their per-machine control sockets:
AddStorage(fileDescriptorIndex, name, config?) -> ()
Attach a storage volume — the caller passes an fd previously
acquired from a StorageProvider, plus a unique name of the form
'<provider>:<volume>' that identifies this binding for later
removal, plus a backend-specific 'config' field (vmspawn: guest
device type; future nspawn: mount path).
RemoveStorage(name) -> ()
Detach a previously-added storage volume.
Plus errors NoSuchStorage, StorageExists, StorageImmutable (the volume
was attached at boot and cannot be removed), BadConfig, and
ConfigNotSupported. Names follow the io.systemd.StorageProvider
vocabulary (NoSuchVolume, BadTemplate, TypeNotSupported, etc.) so the
two interfaces are visually consistent.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
Drop the inline socket-build + sd_varlink_callbo() + reply-dispatch
+ take_fd block from run_as_mount_helper() in favour of the shared
helper. Preserves the type-fallback retry (TypeNotSupported / WrongType
re-tries with requestAs="blk") and the per-error-id message mapping;
the helper just reports the io.systemd.StorageProvider.* error name
back to the caller.
Net effect: ~50 lines of dedup, no functional change.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
storagectl's mount.storage helper bundles "open StorageProvider socket
+ Acquire() + dispatch reply + take fd" inline. Future consumers
(systemd-vmspawn boot-time --bind-volume, machinectl bind-volume) need
the same dance.
Factor it into a single libshared helper that takes the Acquire()
parameters by value and returns the fd plus the actual type/read-only
flags. Library code, so no logging — varlink errors are surfaced via
sd_varlink_error_to_errno() and the StorageProvider error_id is
returned to the caller via reterr_error_id (caller decides how to
format messages).
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
Add a universal parser for the colon-separated grammar
'PROVIDER:VOLUME[:CONFIG][:K=V,K=V,…]' that backs --bind-volume on
systemd-vmspawn (next), machinectl bind-volume, and the future nspawn
+ service-manager BindVolume= integrations.
The 'config' field is opaque to shared code and interpreted per
backend (vmspawn: a DiskType name, future nspawn: a mount path). The
trailing key=value list is parsed into the io.systemd.StorageProvider
.Acquire() parameters (template, create, read-only/ro, size/create-size
and request-as), with values validated against the existing
storage-util enums and validators. Provider/volume names are checked
with storage_provider_name_is_valid() and storage_volume_name_is_valid();
the combined "<provider>:<volume>" string is also validated as
string_is_safe so it is safe to use as a QEMU device id.
Add a test-machine-util unit test covering the happy paths plus a
handful of malformed inputs.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
The storage backend providers (block, fs) and storagectl currently each
extract storage-util.c into their target. Several upcoming consumers
(machine-util's BindVolume parser, vmspawn's hotplug glue, machinectl's
new bind-volume verbs) need the StorageProvider type/string-table
helpers and a future shared Acquire client helper.
Move storage-util.{c,h} to src/shared so libshared exports the symbols
once and every consumer (storage providers, storagectl, libshared
itself) picks them up by linking libshared. Drop the now-redundant
'extract'/'objects' wiring in src/storage/meson.build.
No code changes; this is purely a relocation.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
The mount.storage helper open-codes the conventional 64K UID/GID
delegation block size as 0x10000 / 0x10000U in four places. Several
other places in the tree do the same (nspawn's arg_uid_range default,
homed's mount setup, …), but with no shared name.
Add USERNS_RANGE_SIZE in user-util.h alongside UID_NOBODY and friends,
and switch storagectl over to it. Other call sites can adopt it
incrementally.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
In https://gcc.gnu.org/PR121911 `gcc` started enforcing the type of
`__stack_chk_guard` to `uintptr_t` and broke `systemd` build as:
```
../src/boot/efi-log.c:136:17: error: conflicting types for '__stack_chk_guard'; have 'intptr_t' {aka 'long int'}
136 | _used_ intptr_t __stack_chk_guard = (intptr_t) 0x70f6967de78acae3;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
cc1: note: previous declaration of '__stack_chk_guard' with type 'long unsigned int'
../src/boot/efi-log.c:136:17: error: declaration of '__stack_chk_guard' shadows a global declaration [-Werror=shadow]
136 | _used_ intptr_t __stack_chk_guard = (intptr_t) 0x70f6967de78acae3;
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
```
Let's match the declaration to unsigned type as suggested by upstream in
https://gcc.gnu.org/PR121911#c6.
The prompt for groups is nice. The prompt for a shell could use some
love. Looking at this is much easier if we can invoke the code outside
in isolation.
I wrote this when looking at https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/41947,
where I wanted to see how the homectl prompt works with the changes.
This test is sometimes flaky under sanitizers, and it does repeated
calls with the same parameters to run through different greps, and
the second one sometimes fails.
Store the result and grep it twice instead to try and reduce
flakiness.
```
[ 2089.891152] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22392]: + systemd-run --unit=test-journalctl-varlink-2-18237.service --wait bash -c 'echo hello-from-varlink-test-2'
[ 2090.066050] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22460]: + varlinkctl call --more /run/systemd/io.systemd.JournalAccess io.systemd.JournalAccess.GetEntries '{"units": ["test-journalctl-varlink-1-22690.service"]}'
[ 2090.067075] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22461]: + grep -q hello-from-varlink-test-1
[ 2090.384551] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22466]: + varlinkctl call --more /run/systemd/io.systemd.JournalAccess io.systemd.JournalAccess.GetEntries '{"units": ["test-journalctl-varlink-1-22690.service"]}'
[ 2090.385373] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22467]: + grep hello-from-varlink-test-2
[ 2090.723461] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22474]: + grep -q hello-from-varlink-test-1
[ 2090.724294] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22473]: + varlinkctl call --more /run/systemd/io.systemd.JournalAccess io.systemd.JournalAccess.GetEntries '{"units": ["test-journalctl-varlink-1-22690.service", "test-journalctl-varlink-2-18237.service"]}'
[ 2091.135655] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22480]: + varlinkctl call --more /run/systemd/io.systemd.JournalAccess io.systemd.JournalAccess.GetEntries '{"units": ["test-journalctl-varlink-1-22690.service", "test-journalctl-varlink-2-18237.service"]}'
[ 2091.136605] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22481]: + grep -q hello-from-varlink-test-2
[ 2091.479930] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22480]: Method call failed: io.systemd.JournalAccess.NoEntries
```
An error snuck into the pattern parsing of the `MatchPattern` key in the
sysupdate transfer files. If there's two files "part1-v2.raw", and
"part1-v2.raw.tar" in the source folder, and MatchPattern="part1-@v.raw",
sysupdate will incorrectly choose "part1-v2.raw.tar" instead of
"part1-v2.raw".
While the pattern matching works perfectly fine, after the full pattern
is successfully matched to the string, we don't ensure that the string
actually ends when the pattern just did.
This means we can end up choosing a wrong file for the update, if the
filename/path happens to start with the same MatchPattern.
Fix it by ensuring the string ends after our match pattern ended.
We removed the concept of facts, so we need to update the existing
io.systemd.Basic facts provider to metrics. This commit does just
that. Its mostly mechanical.
This also means that facts.{c,h} and varlink-io.systemd.Facts.{c,h}
are gone now.
When a report upload fails the backend often provides useful
details via the varlink error. Show them as part of the upload
error message. For now we just dump the json because we have
no structure that the backends should follow. We may want to
consider adding one (like check for an "error_message" key in
the json). But for now this is a nice step forward.
Two new verbs are added: "generate" and "upload". The first one just
creates a "report", i.e. puts the metrics into a structured JSON object
that in the future is intended to carry additional data like a
signature:
$ build/systemd-report generate io.systemd.Manager.UnitsTotal
{
"mediaType" : "application/vnd.io.systemd.report",
"timestamp" : "Tue 2026-04-28 22:30:09 UTC",
"metrics" : [
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.UnitsTotal",
"value" : 520
}
]
}
The second verb can be used to upload or otherwise process the report.
It builds on the code added in 0a8560eed8.
In /run/systemd/metrics-upload/ we expect a set of sockets. We'll call
out to each one of them. This allows the data to be processed in custom
ways, incl. writing to storage or sending over the network.
Each socket must provide a single interface:
io.systemd.Metrics.Upload {"report":$data}
This test is sometimes flaky under sanitizers, and it does repeated
calls with the same parameters to run through different greps, and
the second one sometimes fails.
Store the result and grep it twice instead to try and reduce
flakiness.
[ 2089.891152] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22392]: + systemd-run --unit=test-journalctl-varlink-2-18237.service --wait bash -c 'echo hello-from-varlink-test-2'
[ 2090.066050] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22460]: + varlinkctl call --more /run/systemd/io.systemd.JournalAccess io.systemd.JournalAccess.GetEntries '{"units": ["test-journalctl-varlink-1-22690.service"]}'
[ 2090.067075] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22461]: + grep -q hello-from-varlink-test-1
[ 2090.384551] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22466]: + varlinkctl call --more /run/systemd/io.systemd.JournalAccess io.systemd.JournalAccess.GetEntries '{"units": ["test-journalctl-varlink-1-22690.service"]}'
[ 2090.385373] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22467]: + grep hello-from-varlink-test-2
[ 2090.723461] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22474]: + grep -q hello-from-varlink-test-1
[ 2090.724294] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22473]: + varlinkctl call --more /run/systemd/io.systemd.JournalAccess io.systemd.JournalAccess.GetEntries '{"units": ["test-journalctl-varlink-1-22690.service", "test-journalctl-varlink-2-18237.service"]}'
[ 2091.135655] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22480]: + varlinkctl call --more /run/systemd/io.systemd.JournalAccess io.systemd.JournalAccess.GetEntries '{"units": ["test-journalctl-varlink-1-22690.service", "test-journalctl-varlink-2-18237.service"]}'
[ 2091.136605] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22481]: + grep -q hello-from-varlink-test-2
[ 2091.479930] TEST-04-JOURNAL.sh[22480]: Method call failed: io.systemd.JournalAccess.NoEntries
If all entries of a menu prompt start with the same prefix, let's
preselect the prefix to enhance user experience.
This is particularly relevant when prompting for a disk to install
things on, as typically they all start with the same prefix /dev/, and
if there's only a single target medium discoverable, then we can even
fill it out fully.
The test asserts that pgscan is 0, but under sanitizers this sometimes
fails and shows up as 1. We cannot control what the kernel scans, and
with sanitizers the runtime can be slow enough it's possible that the
kernel does a pass on the cgroup of the unit test.
Instead of asserting that it's 0, assert that it's between 0 and 9,
which seems a reasonable range.
Fixes https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/37710
With SD_VARLINK_SERVER_ROOT_ONLY, we refuse all unprivileged operations.
This is silly, the user can and should be able to do anything that doesn't
require privileges.
E.g.:
$ SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug varlinkctl introspect /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-pcrextend
Forking off Varlink child process '/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-pcrextend'.
Successfully forked off '(sd-vlexec)' as PID 568993.
varlink: Setting state idle-client
json-stream: Sending message: {"method":"org.varlink.service.GetInterfaceDescription","parameters":{"interface":"io.systemd.PCRExtend"}}
Skipping PR_SET_MM, as we don't have privileges.
varlink: Changing state idle-client → calling
varlink: Unprivileged client attempted connection, refusing.
Failed to run Varlink event loop: Operation not permitted
json-stream: Got POLLHUP from socket.
varlink: Changing state calling → pending-disconnect
varlink: Connection was closed.
Failed to issue org.varlink.service.GetInterfaceDescription() varlink call: Connection reset by peer
This and similar commands now work, e.g.
$ SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL=debug varlinkctl call --more ./build/bootctl io.systemd.BootControl.ListBootEntries {}
...
Failed to open directory "/efi": No such file or directory
File system "/boot" is not a FAT EFI System Partition (ESP) file system.
...
Method call failed: Permission denied
{
"origin" : "linux",
"errno" : 13,
"errnoName" : "EACCES"
}
Which is fine — we lack privileges to actually return a useful answer, but the
call itself should go through.
I didn't touch udevd, which refuses to run if it is not root, and does a lot of
privileged setup, so would refuse to start even if the check was removed.
This is a reiteration of #38764, but this time on top of "bootctl link"
for installing a kernel, i.e. #41543, instead of "kernel-install".
It's the same as #41543, only adds three new commits on top.
The LUKS subtest in testcase_btrfs_basic leaves stale LUKS headers on
the underlying SCSI devices, so if the VM is rebooted the test fails
because the LUKS signature is still there and blkid finds it.
[ 7.683] + udevadm lock ... mkfs.btrfs -f -L btrfs_root -U deadbeef-dead-dead-beef-000000000000 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-0systemd_foobar_deadbeefbtrfs0
[ 7.729] Label: btrfs_root
[ 7.729] UUID: deadbeef-dead-dead-beef-000000000000
[ 7.743] + udevadm wait --settle --timeout=30 /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-0systemd_foobar_deadbeefbtrfs0 /dev/disk/by-uuid/deadbeef-dead-dead-beef-000000000000 /dev/disk/by-label/btrfs_root
[ 7.788] sda: ... SYMLINK+="disk/by-label/$env{ID_FS_LABEL_ENC}": Added device node symlink "disk/by-label/encdisk0".
[ 37.998] Timed out for waiting devices being initialized.
[ 38.002] TEST-64-UDEV-STORAGE-btrfs_basic.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Likewise for the BTRFS UUID:
ERROR: non-unique UUID: deadbeef-dead-dead-beef-000000000001
So wipe that too.
drive_info_add_fail() calls bridge_unregister_drive() followed by
drive_info_unref(), then continues to access the DriveInfo object.
While all current callers hold their own reference, it is a bit
fragile and it trips static analyzers. Take a local reference.
CID#1655804
Follow-up for 1d0a8e5dbd
Nita Vesa
Frantisek Sumsal
Christian Brauner
Lennart Poettering
Christian Brauner
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
Sergei Trofimovich
José Miguel Sarasola
Luca Boccassi
Jonas Dreßler
Michael Vogt
Simran Singh
Diego Viola