David Herrmann
49e6fdbf14
logind has no concept of session ordering. Sessions have a unique name, some attributes about the capabilities and that's already it. There is currently no stable+total order on sessions. If we use the logind API to switch between sessions, we are faced with an unordered list of sessions we have no clue of. This used to be no problem on seats with VTs or on seats with only a single active session. However, with the introduction of multi-session capability for seats without VTs, we need to find a way to order sessions in a stable way. This patch introduces session "positions". A position is a simple integer assigned to a session which is never changed implicitly (currently, we also don't change it explicitly, but that may be changed someday). For seats with VTs, we force the position to be the same as the VTnr. Without VTs, we simply find the lowest unassigned number and use it as position. If position-assignment fails or if, for any reason, we decide to not assign a position to a session, the position is set to 0 (which is treated as invalid position). During session_load() or if two sessions have the same VTnr, we may end up with two sessions with the same position (this shouldn't happen, but lets be fail-safe in case some other part of the stack fails). This case is dealt with gracefully by ignoring any session but the first session assigned to the position. Thus, session->pos is a hint, seat->positions[i] is the definite position-assignment. Always verify both match in case you need to modify them! Additionally, we introduce SwitchTo(unsigned int) on the seat-dbus-API. You can call it with any integer value != 0 and logind will try to switch to the request position. If you implement a compositor or any other session-controller, you simply watch for ctrl+alt+F1 to F12 and call SwitchTo(Fx). logind will figure a way out deal with this number. For convenience, we also introduce SwitchToNext/Previous(). It should be called on ctrl+alt+Left/Right (like the kernel-console used to support). Note that the public API (SwitchTo*()) is *not* bound to the underlying logic that is implemented now. We don't export "session-positions" on the dbus/C API! They are an implementation detail. Instead, the SwitchTo*() API is supposed to be a hint to let logind choose the session-switching logic. Any foreground session-controller is free to enumerate/order existing sessions according to their needs and call Session.Activate() manually. But the SwitchTo*() API provides a uniform behavior across session-controllers. Background: Session-switching keys depend on the active keymap. The XKB specification provides the XKB_KEY_XF86Switch_VT_1-12 key-symbols which have to be mapped by all keymaps to allow session-switching. It is usually bound to ctrl+alt+Fx but may be set differently. A compositor passes any keyboard input to XKB before passing it to clients. In case a key-press invokes the XKB_KEY_XF86Switch_VT_x action, the keypress is *not* forwarded to clients, but instead a session-switch is scheduled. This actually prevents us from handling these keys outside of the session. If an active compositor has a keymap with a different mapping of these keys, and logind itself tries to catch these combinations, we end up with the key-press sent to the compositor's clients *and* handled by logind. This is *bad* and we must avoid this. The only situation where a background process is allowed to handle key-presses is debugging and emergency-keys. In these cases, we don't care for keymap mismatches and accept the double-event. Another exception is unmapped keys like PowerOff/Suspend (even though this one is controversial).
systemd System and Service Manager
DETAILS:
http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html
WEB SITE:
http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd
GIT:
git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd
ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd
GITWEB:
http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd
MAILING LIST:
http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-commits
IRC:
#systemd on irc.freenode.org
BUG REPORTS:
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=systemd
AUTHOR:
Lennart Poettering
Kay Sievers
...and many others
LICENSE:
LGPLv2.1+ for all code
- except sd-daemon.[ch] and sd-readahead.[ch] which are MIT
- except src/shared/MurmurHash2.c which is Public Domain
- except src/shared/siphash24.c which is CC0 Public Domain
- except src/journal/lookup3.c which is Public Domain
- except src/udev/* which is (currently still) GPLv2, GPLv2+
REQUIREMENTS:
Linux kernel >= 3.0
CONFIG_DEVTMPFS
CONFIG_CGROUPS (it's OK to disable all controllers)
CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER
CONFIG_SIGNALFD
CONFIG_TIMERFD
CONFIG_EPOLL
CONFIG_NET
CONFIG_SYSFS
CONFIG_PROC_FS
CONFIG_FHANDLE (mount and bind mount handling)
Linux kernel >= 3.8 for Smack support
Udev will fail to work with the legacy layout:
CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED=n
Legacy hotplug slows down the system and confuses udev:
CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH=""
Userspace firmware loading is deprecated, will go away, and
sometimes causes problems:
CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER=n
Some udev rules and virtualization detection relies on it:
CONFIG_DMIID
Support for some SCSI devices serial number retrieval, to
create additional symlinks in /dev/disk/ and /dev/tape:
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_BSG
Optional but strongly recommended:
CONFIG_IPV6
CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS
CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL
CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR
CONFIG_SECCOMP
For systemd-bootchart, several proc debug interfaces are required:
CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG
For UEFI systems:
CONFIG_EFI_VARS
CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION
Note that kernel auditing is broken when used with systemd's
container code. When using systemd in conjunction with
containers, please make sure to either turn off auditing at
runtime using the kernel command line option "audit=0", or
turn it off at kernel compile time using:
CONFIG_AUDIT=n
glibc >= 2.14
libcap
libblkid >= 2.20 (from util-linux) (optional)
libkmod >= 15 (optional)
PAM >= 1.1.2 (optional)
libcryptsetup (optional)
libaudit (optional)
libacl (optional)
libattr (optional)
libselinux (optional)
liblzma (optional)
tcpwrappers (optional)
libgcrypt (optional)
libqrencode (optional)
libmicrohttpd (optional)
libpython (optional)
make, gcc, and similar tools
During runtime, you need the following additional
dependencies:
util-linux >= v2.19 (requires fsck -l, agetty -s),
v2.21 required for tests in test/
dbus >= 1.4.0 (strictly speaking optional, but recommended)
sulogin (from util-linux >= 2.22 or sysvinit-tools, optional but recommended,
required for tests in test/)
dracut (optional)
PolicyKit (optional)
When building from git, you need the following additional
dependencies:
docbook-xsl
xsltproc
automake
autoconf
libtool
intltool
gperf
gtkdocize (optional)
python (optional)
sphinx (optional)
python-lxml (entirely optional)
When systemd-hostnamed is used, it is strongly recommended to
install nss-myhostname to ensure that, in a world of
dynamically changing hostnames, the hostname stays resolvable
under all circumstances. In fact, systemd-hostnamed will warn
if nss-myhostname is not installed.
To build HTML documentation for python-systemd using sphinx,
please first install systemd (using 'make install'), and then
invoke sphinx-build with 'make sphinx-<target>', with <target>
being 'html' or 'latexpdf'. If using DESTDIR for installation,
pass the same DESTDIR to 'make sphinx-html' invocation.
USERS AND GROUPS:
Default udev rules use the following standard system group
names, which need to be resolvable by getgrnam() at any time,
even in the very early boot stages, where no other databases
and network are available:
tty, dialout, kmem, video, audio, lp, floppy, cdrom, tape, disk
During runtime, the journal daemon requires the
"systemd-journal" system group to exist. New journal files will
be readable by this group (but not writable), which may be used
to grant specific users read access.
It is also recommended to grant read access to all journal
files to the system groups "wheel" and "adm" with a command
like the following in the post installation script of the
package:
# setfacl -nm g:wheel:rx,d:g:wheel:rx,g:adm:rx,d:g:adm:rx /var/log/journal/
The journal gateway daemon requires the
"systemd-journal-gateway" system user and group to
exist. During execution this network facing service will drop
privileges and assume this uid/gid for security reasons.
WARNINGS:
systemd will warn you during boot if /etc/mtab is not a
symlink to /proc/mounts. Please ensure that /etc/mtab is a
proper symlink.
systemd will warn you during boot if /usr is on a different
file system than /. While in systemd itself very little will
break if /usr is on a separate partition, many of its
dependencies very likely will break sooner or later in one
form or another. For example, udev rules tend to refer to
binaries in /usr, binaries that link to libraries in /usr or
binaries that refer to data files in /usr. Since these
breakages are not always directly visible, systemd will warn
about this, since this kind of file system setup is not really
supported anymore by the basic set of Linux OS components.
For more information on this issue consult
http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken
To run systemd under valgrind, compile with VALGRIND defined
(e.g. ./configure CPPFLAGS='... -DVALGRIND=1'). Otherwise,
false positives will be triggered by code which violates
some rules but is actually safe.