The code here assumes that free_user_ns() is called for every single
user namespace. That however has never been the case and the logic for
free_user_ns() is a bit more involved.
A nested user namespace pins its parent user namespace. IOW, the
lifetime of the parent user namespaces is at least as long as the child
user namespaces.
If a parent user namespace becomes unused (no namespace file descriptors
or task using it anymore) then it will stick around and its lifetime
still bound to the child user namespace.
free_user_ns() takes advantage of that behavior. If a child user
namespace is freed and its parent user namespace is already unused then
then free_user_ns() will free both the child and the parent user
namespace. This means a single free_user_ns() frees two user namespaces.
Hence, the bpf program never sees the parent user namespace being freed.
We can fix this by piggy-backing on another function that is called for
every single user namespace being freed. This requires CONFIG_SYSCTL but
systemd doesn't work without that anyway.
The return type needs to change to a scalar type as required by libbpf.
Long-term what we need is appropriate LSM infrastructure for this
including hooks that get called on namespace destruction.
Thanks to Daan DeMeyer for figuring out that the cast is needed.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
open_tree() will fail with EINVAL when passed a directory file descriptor
that comes from another mount namespace. While this should be fixed in a
future kernel, let's workaround the issue for now by entering the mount
namespace of the peer if needed and calling open_tree() there and then
passing the fd back to the mountfsd process.
* 215a9497cc fedora: Use N-1 key as well when querying rawhide GPG key
* 842a37ed6c Add MakeScriptsExecutable= setting to optionally try to
make scripts executable before bailing out
* 814f2004bb build(deps): bump github/codeql-action from 4.31.9 to
4.32.0
* d8f4f628bf build(deps): bump actions/checkout from 6.0.1 to 6.0.2
* 3e55361142 docs: remove superfluous definition colon
* 5901524c48 mkosi-tools: add libarchive-tools package.
* 968392f1b9 docs: Add information about gui mkosi-tools profile
* 0e2960c245 Add missing call to run_locale_gen()
* 41cd2067bc rpm: Set pkgverify_level to digest
* 86fe0f448a dnf: Give advanced users some control over plugins
* 50a1feee52 run: Improve sandbox command logging
* b1dffe1c3c Fix environment variable name for systemd-repart
* 07726068d9 Allow specifying "default" value for Initrds=
* 704f163ec0 Allow setting PORTABLE_PREFIXES= via Environment=
* e6588afb45 opensuse: More GPG key handling fixes
* c367f993dd opensuse: Fetch remote keys as well if RepositoryKeyFetch=
is enabled
* 31852c9314 ci: Use mkosi box for unit test CI as well
* e4229f5bf5 Make sure we pass the right context to
finalize_default_initrd()
* 9b431b783a tools: don't pull in virtiofsd in bookworm tools trees
* ae2d88d463 build(deps): bump github/codeql-action from 4.31.6 to
4.31.9
* 933401a8b6 build(deps): bump actions/checkout from 6.0.0 to 6.0.1
* 6bfeb4ac86 opensuse: Import GPG keys for all repositories
* 9829b9136f Add support for locale-gen
* 63ae86ec04 nixos: Use repository key fetching by default on nixos
* f01ca9904b docs: Reword dependencies vs tools tree requirement a bit
* ab47ba25ef docs: Minor correction on enabling unprivileged namespaces
* 7bd46a417e docs: Update unprivileged user namespace docs
* 14d2d37a19 sandbox: Make sure we're dumpable before writing uidmap files
* 215a9497cc fedora: Use N-1 key as well when querying rawhide GPG key
* 842a37ed6c Add MakeScriptsExecutable= setting to optionally try to make scripts executable before bailing out
* 814f2004bb build(deps): bump github/codeql-action from 4.31.9 to 4.32.0
* d8f4f628bf build(deps): bump actions/checkout from 6.0.1 to 6.0.2
* 3e55361142 docs: remove superfluous definition colon
* 5901524c48 mkosi-tools: add libarchive-tools package.
* 968392f1b9 docs: Add information about gui mkosi-tools profile
* 0e2960c245 Add missing call to run_locale_gen()
* 41cd2067bc rpm: Set pkgverify_level to digest
* 86fe0f448a dnf: Give advanced users some control over plugins
* 50a1feee52 run: Improve sandbox command logging
* b1dffe1c3c Fix environment variable name for systemd-repart
* 07726068d9 Allow specifying "default" value for Initrds=
* 704f163ec0 Allow setting PORTABLE_PREFIXES= via Environment=
* e6588afb45 opensuse: More GPG key handling fixes
* c367f993dd opensuse: Fetch remote keys as well if RepositoryKeyFetch= is enabled
* 31852c9314 ci: Use mkosi box for unit test CI as well
* e4229f5bf5 Make sure we pass the right context to finalize_default_initrd()
* 9b431b783a tools: don't pull in virtiofsd in bookworm tools trees
* ae2d88d463 build(deps): bump github/codeql-action from 4.31.6 to 4.31.9
* 933401a8b6 build(deps): bump actions/checkout from 6.0.0 to 6.0.1
* 6bfeb4ac86 opensuse: Import GPG keys for all repositories
* 9829b9136f Add support for locale-gen
* 63ae86ec04 nixos: Use repository key fetching by default on nixos
* f01ca9904b docs: Reword dependencies vs tools tree requirement a bit
* ab47ba25ef docs: Minor correction on enabling unprivileged namespaces
* 7bd46a417e docs: Update unprivileged user namespace docs
Previously, setting HibernateDelaySec= would disable ACPI battery trip
point (_BTP) alarms, forcing the system to rely solely on software
polling for battery checks. This could result in the battery draining
to 0% between polling intervals, causing data loss.
Now, when ACPI _BTP is available AND HibernateDelaySec= is set, both
mechanisms work together. The system will hibernate on whichever comes
first: low battery (instant hardware alarm) or the configured timeout.
This also properly respects HibernateOnACPower=no by resetting the
timer while on AC power, matching the documented behavior.
Fixes: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/26498
I was looking at some logs on a console, and because of the lengthy message,
the actually interesting part, i.e. what condition failed, didn't even fit
on the screen. Let's make the sentence legible but brief.
See the [design
doc](https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/38023#issue-3192567450)
by @ikruglov
This PR introduces the metrics API framework, adds some basic system
wide/per unit/service metrics, and a basic CLI. The PR is broken into
two commits as described below.
### Deviations from the original design
- Introduced top level field "object" for ease of filtering. Instead of
having `fields: { unit: "foo", unit_type: "service" }`, we now have
`object: foo.service` as the top level field.
### First commit
The first commit includes:
- Metrics API definitions
- Code to set up the varlink server
- The describe method which shows all the metrics families
- The list method which lists all the metrics
- Type definitions related to MetricFamily
- Common code to build json objects
### Second commit
The second commit adds some basic metrics, a basic CLI (systemd-report)
which
lists the metrics, and integration tests.
**System wide metrics:**
- units_by_type_total
- units_by_state_total
**Two per unit metrics:**
- unit_active_state
- unit_load_state
**A service state metric:**
- nrestarts
### Sample outputs
**units_by_type_total**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_type_total",
"value" : 52,
"fields" : {
"type" : "target"
}
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_type_total",
"value" : 82,
"fields" : {
"type" : "device"
}
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_type_total",
"value" : 2,
"fields" : {
"type" : "automount"
}
}
```
**units_by_state_total**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_state_total",
"value" : 216,
"fields" : {
"state" : "active"
}
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_state_total",
"value" : 0,
"fields" : {
"state" : "reloading"
}
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.units_by_state_total",
"value" : 120,
"fields" : {
"state" : "inactive"
}
}
```
**unit_active_state**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.unit_active_state",
"object" : "multi-user.target",
"value" : "active"
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.unit_active_state",
"object" : "systemd-sysusers.service",
"value" : "inactive"
}
```
**unit_load_state**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.unit_load_state",
"object" : "multi-user.target",
"value" : "loaded"
}
```
**nrestarts**:
```
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.nrestarts",
"object" : "user@0.service",
"value" : 0
}
{
"name" : "io.systemd.Manager.nrestarts",
"object" : "user-runtime-dir@0.service",
"value" : 0
}
```
This code is used to read data copied from /etc/os-release. According to
the spec[1], values can be enclosed in single quotes or double quotes.
Not handling single quotes results in the quotes appearing in the
systemd-boot menu, e.g. 'Gentoo Linux'.
[1] https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/os-release.html
Signed-off-by: James Le Cuirot <jlecuirot@microsoft.com>
Add JSON_BUILD_PAIR_IN_ADDR_WITH_STRING, JSON_BUILD_PAIR_IN6_ADDR_WITH_STRING,
and JSON_BUILD_PAIR_IN4_ADDR_WITH_STRING macros (plus _NON_NULL variants) that
emit both the binary address array and a human-readable string representation.
For example, an address field now emits both:
"Address": [192, 168, 1, 1]
"AddressString": "192.168.1.1"
This improves usability of the JSON/Varlink output for debugging and tooling
that consumes networkd state.
Updated networkd-json.c to use these new macros for addresses, neighbors,
nexthops, routes, routing policy rules, DNS servers, NTP servers, SIP servers,
domains, DHCPv6 prefixes, and link-local addresses.
Also updated the Varlink interface definitions to include the new string fields.
When the extensions for the final system are already set up from the
initrd we should avoid disrupting the boot process with the remount
(which currently isn't atomic) and the daemon reload for
systemd-confext and systemd-sysext. Similarly, when sysupdate ran and
updated extensions it's best to avoid the remount and daemon reload if
no changes are found.
To do this, encode the current extension state in more detail than
before where only the names of the extensions where encoded in the
overlay mount. This can also be used to provide more details about the
extension origin in "systemd-sysext status (--json=)". During the
refresh add a check whether the old state matches the new state and in
this case skip the refresh unless the user provides a flag to always
refresh. Besides the extension name and the resolved path the best
method for identification is the verity hash but that is not available
for plain image files or directories. Therefore, also include data to
check for file/directory replacements. The creation/modification times
are not always real on reproducible images or extracted archive content.
The file handle together with the unique mount ID is the next best
identifier we can use when we have no verity hash. Fall back to an inode
when we get no handle. With the creation/modification time and the path
this should be good enough. Using a unique mount ID is important (with
a fallback to the regular non-unique mount ID) instead of st_dev because
st_dev gets reused too easily, e.g., by a loop device mount and the
mount ID helps to catch this. For the mount ID to be valid it has to be
resolved before we enter the new mount namespace. Thus, it gets provided
by the image dissect logic and handed over to the sysext subprocess
which runs in a new mount namespace.
Luckily, we can rule out online modification of directories or image
files because this is anyway not well supported with overlay mounts, so
we don't do a file checksum nor do we recurse into a directory to look
for the most recently touched files. But, as said, with the
always-refresh flag one can force a reload.
Suppose the following dependent events are queued:
A(1000) -> C(1002)
\
--> E(1004)
/
B(1001) -> D(1003)
Here, each number is the seqnum of the event, and A -> B means that
event B depends on event A, that is, event B cannot be started until
event A is processed.
In this case, to know if event E can be started, we only need to check
if event C and D are processed, and not necessary to check the state of
event A or B.
However, the commit e1ae931064 introduced
full dependency list (in the above example, all A, B, C, D are listed as
the blocker for E), but it is overkill and most information is not necessary.
Also, before the commit e1ae931064, we
found blocker from the beginning of the queued events, but that's also
not necessary, as even A is processed, still C may be queued, and we
anyway need to check if C is processed or not.
This makes each event only stores the last blocker event for the event,
and finds the blocker from the end of the queue. With this change, the
memory cost can be reduced from O(n^2) to O(n). Also, as previously we
used Set for managing blockers, but now we only increment/decrement
the reference counter of events, so the speed should be also improved.
Fixes#39583 and #39817.
Currently, `resolvectl status` (and other status commands like
`resolvectl dns $iface`) uses varlink when asked to print JSON, but uses
dbus otherwise. This PR re-implements the regular status output to use
varlink instead of dbus.
This both simplifies the `resolvectl status` code, and is an incremental
step in replacing dbus usage with varlink throughout `resolvectl`.
The first several commits move `dns-configuration.[ch]` from
`src/network/wait-online` to `src/shared`, and complete the JSON
dispatching so that all fields are available in a concrete type. The
next few commits re-implement global, link, and delegate status output.
Finally, the last commits consolidate and simplify the status logic
since varlink and the `DNSConfiguration` type can be used in all cases.
When the extensions for the final system are already set up from the
initrd we should avoid disrupting the boot process with the remount
(which currently isn't atomic) and the daemon reload for
systemd-confext and systemd-sysext. Similarly, when sysupdate ran and
updated extensions it's best to avoid the remount and daemon reload if
no changes are found.
To do this, encode the current extension state in more detail than
before where only the names of the extensions where encoded in the
overlay mount. This can also be used to provide more details about the
extension origin in "systemd-sysext status (--json=)". During the
refresh add a check whether the old state matches the new state and in
this case skip the refresh unless the user provides a flag to always
refresh. Besides the extension name and the resolved path the best
method for identification is the verity hash but that is not available
for plain image files or directories. Therefore, also include data to
check for file/directory replacements. The creation/modification times
are not always real on reproducible images or extracted archive content.
The file handle together with the unique mount ID is the next best
identifier we can use when we have no verity hash. Fall back to an inode
when we get no handle. With the creation/modification time and the path
this should be good enough. Using a unique mount ID is important (with
a fallback to the regular non-unique mount ID) instead of st_dev because
st_dev gets reused too easily, e.g., by a loop device mount and the
mount ID helps to catch this. For the mount ID to be valid it has to be
resolved before we enter the new mount namespace. Thus, it gets provided
by the image dissect logic and handed over to the sysext subprocess
which runs in a new mount namespace.
Luckily, we can rule out online modification of directories or image
files because this is anyway not well supported with overlay mounts, so
we don't do a file checksum nor do we recurse into a directory to look
for the most recently touched files. But, as said, with the
always-refresh flag one can force a reload.
When the mutable directory didn't exist but gets created with
--mutable=yes then it used to get mode 700 and later it got patched by
a chmod because it is the top layer and must match the target hierarchy.
This meant one could not call the function to resolve the mutable
directory twice before the mount because it has a check for a proper
mode when the directory exists which is the case for the second call.
Also, this resulted in /var/lib/extensions.mutable getting created with
mode 700 which is not really required.
Don't rely on the chmod for the upper dir but directly create the
directory with the right mode by first creating all missing directories
with 755 as a sane default and then changing the mode as needed for the
mutable directory.
There is a lot of duplication across the functions for printing global,
link, and delegate output. Since these all use a common DNSConfiguration
type now, the logic can be consolidated.
Adapt printing and format helper functions to accept a DNSConfiguration
parameter to appropriately format output. Then, add print_configuration(),
a single function that prints the appropriate status output based on the
contents of DNSConfiguration.
Now that varlink is always used for status output, consolidate the JSON
and regular status code paths. Add status_full(), which is the single
point that calls DumpDNSConfiguration, filters based on link names and
mode if needed, and prints the output in the appropriate format.
This simplifies status_ifindex(), and removes the need for a separate
status_json().
This is an incremental commit to replacing dbus usage with varlink for
all status output.
Re-implement regular delegate status output using the DumpDNSConfiguration
varlink method. And, remove the DelegateInfo type and associated functions
which were used to map dbus properties.
Since this is the last type of status output to be switched to varlink,
lots of other code becomes dead with these changes, e.g.
read_dns_server_one(), map_dns_servers_internal(), etc., so remove those
too. Finally, status_all() no longer needs sd_bus, so drop that
parameter.
This is an incremental commit to replacing dbus usage with varlink for
all status output.
Re-implement regular link status output using the DumpDNSConfiguration
varlink method. And, remove the LinkInfo type and associated functions
which were used to map dbus properties.
This is an incremental commit to replacing dbus usage with varlink for
all status output.
Re-implement regular global status output using the DumpDNSConfiguration
varlink method. And, remove the GlobalInfo type and associated functions
which were used to map dbus properties.
This only has a small effect, which mostly matters for generating status
output. It ensures that the order of servers and domains displayed
matches the order they are stored on the daemon side, which keeps the
new resolvectl output consistent with the old.
This is one of several commits to dispatch all fields of the
DNSConfiguration JSON.
Introduce a DNSScope type, and all required JSON dispatching helpers.
The varlink API is currently missing the "DNSSEC supported" field, which
is required for to re-implement the existing resolvectl status output
with varlink instead of dbus.
Add this field to DNSConfiguration.
This patch adds a `--ephemeral` option to vmspawn that will turn
on snapshot mode on the qemu disk passed via `--image` or the
directory passed via `--directory`. For disk images it uses the
native mechanism that qemu provides. For directories it (re)uses
the snapshot mechanism that nspawn is using, i.e. it will create
a btrfs snapshot if possible and if not falls back to a traditional
directory copy.
This also effectively reverts eb2e91b981,
as now the object is only used as input, and kernel would need to handle
input with only ID no matter whether the struct later gets extended.
Lennart Poettering
Daan De Meyer
Daan De Meyer
Christian Brauner
gvenugo3
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
James Le Cuirot
Yu Watanabe
Kai Lueke
Nick Rosbrook
Michael Vogt